This is an example of: individuals sometimes perform poorly when apprehensive about being stereotyped. Answer 23:- Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view one's own cultu . It might be easy to dismiss the IAT findings of the all-too-human tendency toward faster, more favorable processing of ones own group. Thus, those high inSDO see groups as battling each other for these resources, with winners at the top of the social hierarchy and losers at the bottom (see Table 1). A) mirror-image perceptions. After discussing why each of them believes this to be so, they all conclude that Ms. Akey is definitely a much better teacher than Mr. Schwenke. . Hanna overcriticizes him for minor errors. (2004). One aggression-replacement program has brought down re-arrest rates of juvenile offenders by: Participants paid $1 more likely to change their beliefs about the task. Where stereotypes are related to thinking, prejudices are more emotional in nature. Compared with nonplayers, people with extensive exposure to violent video gaming display ________ desensitization to violence, and they are ________ likely to help an injured victim. Prejudice. "Oh, no, never," the woman said. CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. Other-race Effect: Definition. The result is seeing people who live in subsidized housing, or who like comic books, or who are religious, or who have autism as one homogenous group with little variation. Although this is unfair, sometimes the automatic associationsoften driven by societys stereotypestrump our own explicit values (Devine, 1989). Denote the maximal utility as a function of ppp and mmm by U(p,m)U^*(p, m)U(p,m), the value function, also called the indirect utility function. This means seeing women, minorities, homosexuals, and non-believers as inferior. Just 80 years ago, American college students unabashedly thought Turkish people were cruel, very religious, and treacherous (Katz & Braly, 1933). Such a question would be preposterous if you were only surrounded by members of your own group. Ethnocentrism is the term that denotes this kind of behavior. Hanna is a supervisor in the production unit of a textile company. Studies have revealed diminished activity in the ________ of violent criminals. For example, ethnic Asians living in the United States are commonly referred to as the model minority because of their perceived success in areas such as education, income, and social stability. In general, those high in SDO have a strong belief in work ethicthat hard work always pays off and leisure is a waste of time. The difference is that we categories ourselves, as self-categorization theory points out (Turner, 1975). These four kinds of stereotypes and their associated emotional prejudices (see Figure 2) occur all over the world and apply to each societys own groups. HLT 1353. chapter_12_answers - CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. Draw a circle graph with this information. This is how the IAT works: measuring tiny differences in the time it takes you to make judgments. People who score higher on the scale show more ingroup favoritism in comparison with those who score lower on it (Stangor & Thompson, 2002). The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group: Term. c. animals can be bred for aggressiveness. For example, if two classes of children want to play on the same soccer field, the classes will come to dislike each other not because of any real, objectionable traits about the other group. People naturally create mental categories. This can be expressed in evaluation of others, in allocation of resources, and in many other ways. Was the White person right to avoid the situation so that neither person would feel uncomfortable? The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through group discussion is called, Nora, Ko, Ian, and May each think that Ms. Akey may be a slightly better teacher than Mr. Schwenke. Examined the impact of conformity with his famous Line Perception experiment. an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. This best illustrates, Social loafing referes to the tendency for people to, Exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a common goal. Group-serving bias (or ultimate attribution error). By contrast, those high in RWA may equally dislike the outgroup member moving into the neighborhood but for different reasons. The tendency to favor ones own cultural group over other groups is known as A) elitism . This statement best reflects the: Victoria is a fifth grader in Carson Elementary School. a. a dispositional attribution. c. offering them opportunities to play violent video games when they feel angry. Biases can explicit (overt and conscious) or more implicit (automatic, ambiguous, and ambivalent). Peter Principle: The Peter Principle is an observation that the tendency in most organizational hierarchies , such as that of a corporation, is for every employee to rise in the hierarchy through . Or even ageist people who feel fond of older adults but, at the same time, view them as incompetent to support themselves and worry about the burden they place on public welfare programs. _____ refers to the tendency to view the world through one's own cultural filters.a) Conservatism b) Relativism c) Ethnocentrism d) Ableism ANS: c A-head: Culture and Intergroup Relations REF: 363 Feedback: Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view the world through one's own cultural filters. Women are in poverty and are uneducated more. Sadly, this can result in consequential discrimination, such as allocating fewer resources to disliked outgroups (Rudman & Ashmore, 2009). (d) Put a=1/2a=1 / 2a=1/2. The girls' belief best illustrates: Daniel does not get the desired salary hike during his annual appraisal. a. amygdala The larger issue, however, is that own-group preference often results in liking other groups less. 29 terms. b. deindividuation. When people would like a certain idea or concept to be true, they end up believing it to be true. Self-serving bias can spill over into the groups we identify with. Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., & Glick, P. (2007). How is it that entire groups of people were left out of political participation, justice, and freedom? the tendency to favor our own group: scapegoat theory: the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame: other-race effect: the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. The girls are reacting to: Your new roommate is from Ireland. "Oh, very good," Judge Matsumoto . This best illustrates: We categorize people according to their citizenship, gender, allegiance to a sports team, and university affiliation, among other qualities. When four people watched them, they made 80 percent of their shots. Being audience-centered means a speaker must sacrifice what she or he really believes to get a favorable response from . Use each of these words in a sentence that reflects the word's meaning in the chapter. Membership. And a stereotypical old person would be seen as high in warmth but lower in competence. C) a perceived incompatibility of actions or goals. A., & Mellott, D. S. (2002). What causes a gain or loss on the sale of a bond investment? They are excited on the morning of the competition because they both believe that their team is going to win since they are the better team. Being aware of our own tendency to fixate on the negative is also important. QUESTION 23 The tendency to apply one's own cultural values in judging the behavior and beliefs of people raised in other cultures is known as cultural relativism cultural universalism ethnocentrism egocentrism QUESTION 24 Foraging societies practice what . a personality that is disposed to favor obedience to authority and intolerance of outgroups and those lower in status . For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting discomfort by changing our attitudes. By understanding this natural human tendency, you can focus on finding ways to cut other people a break and to stop expecting the worst. Altemeyer, B. In the United States, for instance, waves of new immigrants such as Chinese people, Irish people, and Italians, were met with open hostility, with attitudes often shifting to the most recent group of immigrants. c. more; more swissworld: saisons Next, categorization can also lead to prejudice. These maps of the group terrain predict specific types of discrimination for specific kinds of groups. Categories, then, are becoming more and more uncertain, unclear, volatile, and complex (Bodenhausen & Peery, 2009). The non-rival out-group acts as a reference . Like most students in her school, she believes that Carson Elementary School is the best school in town. a. deindividuation. If people hold a negative view of Margaret because they hold negative views about older adults in general, this is prejudice. This phenomenon is known as ________. living in a nice neighborhood denotes ones place in the social hierarchya place reserved for ones in-group members). swissworld: paysages, Pregntale a otro(a) estudiante qu pide en un restaurante en las siguientes situaciones. The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. (Fiske, Cuddy, & Glick, 2007). This is best illustrated in studies of, Prejudice is most likely to develop as a way of justifying, Most children believe their school is better than the other schools in town. Identities are not so simple, but maybe as the 21st century unfurls, we will recognize each other by the content of our individual character instead of against the backdrop of stereotypes. After three months of riding the 8:30 bus to work, Cindy has actually started to feel affection for the gruff and scowling old bus driver. His action is best explained in terms of the, Aggression-replacement programs are most likely to advise parents to avoid, In contrast to watching violence on television, participating in violent video games involves, The mere exposure effect refers to the fact that people. Explaining behaviors based on a person's characteristics; traits, maturity, etc. According to Lyons et al. This is an example of: Elena's boss fires her because he is downsizing his company. The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined. b. the mere exposure effect. NIMBY, also spelled Nimby, in full Not in My Backyard or Not in My Backyard Phenomenon, a colloquialism signifying one's opposition to the locating of something considered undesirable in one's neighborhood. Then create a word search puzzle using the sentences-without the word as clues. Categories . d. aggression. D) GRIT. In the 21st century, however, with social group categories even more complex, biases may be transforming. The process of pursuing our full potential is what he called the actualizing tendency. social class, family, football team etc.) Stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others. Social identity theory (Tajfel, Billig, Bundy, & Flament, 1971) describes this tendency to favor ones own in-group over anothers outgroup. Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998). This experiment was designed to study the factors that contribute to, The affectionate attachment that keeps a relationship going after passionate feelings cool is known as, Natasha and Dimitri have a fulfilling marital relationship because they readily confide their deepest hopes and fears to each other. Rumination refers to the tendency to repetitively think about the causes, situational factors, and consequences of one's negative emotional experience (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991). a. cognitive dissonance. Individualistic culture is to independent self as collectivistic culture is to _______ self. Explanation: It is not true that narcissism is the tendency to view one's own culture or group as superior to others. Two months before the 2018 midterms, President Trump had a 40% job approval rating. d. vivid cases. These small interactions can have devastating effects on the hopeful interviewees ability to perform well (Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974). b. Conformity Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like social identity theory observations, Reza is a male, Muslim, and Persian. d. the blame-the-victim phenomenon. a. the bystander effect. Examined the impact of social roles and authority on behavior with his famous Stanford Prison experiment. Ever since he received notice of his probation, Montel has become increasingly hostile toward racial minority students and staff on campus. The orientation of all people is "growth, autonomy, and freedom from control by external forces" (Schunk, 2016, p. 349). d. sensory cortex. Like the guard at night saying: Who goes there, friend or foe? If the other group has good, cooperative intentions, we view them as warm and often consider them part of our side. However, if the other group is cold, we often view them as a threat and treat them accordingly. We might feel affinity toward people from our home town, a connection with those who attend our university, or commiserate with the experience of people who share our gender identity, religion, or ethnicity. Social facilitation refers to the tendency to, Perform well learned tasks more effectively in the presence of others, Expert pool players were observed to make 71 percent of their shots when alone. A loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. Universal dimensions of social cognition: Warmth and competence. In S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert, & G. Lindzey (Eds.). a. Question 1 2 out of 2 points A tendency to favor one's own group is called: Selected Answer: Response Feedback: ingroup bias. Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components. B) an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. Where slavery was practiced, prejudice ran strong. The tendency to ignore information about general principles in favor of very specific but vivid information. b. the foot-in-the-door-phenomenon. The dislike originates from each classs favoritism toward itself and the fact that only one group can play on the soccer field at a time. An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. maxxa+ysubjecttopx+y=m. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. People have always and still do openly dehumanize outgroup members and harbor hostile attitudes toward them. b. implicit prejudice. In the abstract these mental maps can help us understand how to interact with new people based on educated guesses about their category. D) Relating to several _____ is the tendency to attribute one's own characteristics to other people. Male 3: I don't want you looking over my shoulder all the time. An allocator divides a large sum of money among three groups of around 20 recipients each and also to themselves. What groups illustrate ambivalent biases, seemingly competent but cold, or warm but incompetent? In the context of psychology, this scenario illustrates ________. D) the belief that victims of misfortune deserve their fate. In-group favoritism, sometimes known as in-group-out-group bias, in-group bias, intergroup bias, or in-group preference, is a pattern of favoring members of one's in-group over out-group members. Rudman, L. A., & Ashmore, R. D. (2007). Exam 1 Dr. c. outgroup bias. Attitude change path in which interested people focus on the arguments, facts and respond with favorable thoughts. Ingroup bias is the tendency to favor and support individuals who belong to groups we identify with. The tendency to recall faces of one's own face more accurately than faces of other races. What is the correct present tense conjugation of the verb? Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). Intergroup bias. Greenwald, A. G., Poehlman, T. A., Uhlmann, E. L., & Banaji, M. R. (2009). Take the IAT. Ethnocentrism. ethnocentrism.d. This example is an illustration of: If researchers found that people take longer to identify words such as assertive and bold as "strong" when the words are associated with female faces rather than with male faces, this finding would illustrate: A tendency to favor one's own group is called: been more racially prejudiced than others. RWA respects group unity over individual preferences, wanting to maintain group values in the face of differing opinions. People who score high on SDO believe that some groups are inherently better than others, and because of this, there is no such thing as group equality. At the same time, though, SDO is not just about being personally dominant and controlling of others; SDO describes a preferred arrangement of groups with some on top (preferably onesown group) and some on the bottom.